{"id":948,"date":"2017-02-12T07:33:38","date_gmt":"2017-02-12T11:03:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iranbitumen.co\/fa\/?p=948"},"modified":"2017-06-13T06:37:23","modified_gmt":"2017-06-13T10:07:23","slug":"%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%84%e2%80%8c%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%e2%80%8c%da%af%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/iranbitumen.co\/fa\/%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%84%e2%80%8c%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%e2%80%8c%da%af%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f 3 \u062a\u0627 5 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Massucco \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 1994). \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0631 90 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0622\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 (Joseph \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 1994). \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0638\u062a \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a (Blow 1971).<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062a\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Stroup-Gardiner \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 1993). \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631) \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Airey \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2003\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0648\u06cc (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630) \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 (\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0645) \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a Gawel \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2006) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 (\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627) \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0641\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0646 (\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646) \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1-4).<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Stroup-Gardiner \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 1993). \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632HP-GPC \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Putman \u0648 2010Amirkhanain). \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (Gawel \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 2006). \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-949\" src=\"http:\/\/iranbitumen.co\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u062c\u062f\u0648\u06441-4.png\" alt=\"\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 1-4 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 (\u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 85\/0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631)(\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a). \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 Gawel \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 2006\" width=\"671\" height=\"152\" srcset=\"http:\/\/iranbitumen.co\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u062c\u062f\u0648\u06441-4.png 671w, http:\/\/iranbitumen.co\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u062c\u062f\u0648\u06441-4-300x68.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 1-4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 (\u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9850 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631)(\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a). \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 Gawel \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 2006<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u00a0\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 Singleton \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2000)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a (Baginska \u0648 Gawel 2004).<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Putman \u0648Amirkhanian \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2010 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 (IE) \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.(\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 1-4)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 1-4\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-950 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/iranbitumen.co\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u06441-4.png\" alt=\"IE\" width=\"170\" height=\"54\" \/><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 IE \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a. Frantzis \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2004\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 (\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631) \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (Frantzis 2004).<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 (\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc) \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Singleton \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 2000\u060c Gawel \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 2006\u060c Ould Henia \u0648 2008Dumont). \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f (\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 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12pt;\"><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 2-4 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0646-\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 (\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0647)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631 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\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f (Yen \u0648 1994Chilingarian). \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2-4 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u03b4=17.5\u060c \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u03b4=18.2\u060c \u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u03b4=19.5 \u0648 \u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u03b4=22.3 MPa<sup>1\/2<\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0630\u06a9\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Rogel 1997). \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0646-\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 (\u03b4=17.5) \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc (\u03b4=14.8) \u0627\u0633\u062a (Brandrup \u0648 1989Immergut). \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 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\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a (Gawel \u0648 2004Baginska )<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 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\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0640\u062a\u06af\u0640\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Billiter \u0648 \u0647\u0640\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 1997\u060cBahia \u0648 Davies\u060c1995Dias \u0648 2008Picado-Santos).<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 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10pt;\">\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 3-4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f 70\/100 \u062f\u0631 200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0634 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Airy \u0648 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\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639 (\u0642\u06cc\u0631) \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Airey \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 2003). \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u063a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646) \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (Giavarini 1994). \u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0632\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u062f (Gawel \u0648 1999Slusarski).<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (Ould Henia \u0648 2008Dumont). \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Huang 2008).<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0645\u0627. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 160 \u062a\u0627 210 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Singleton \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 2000\u060c Ould Henia\u0648 2008Dumont).<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote data-secret=\"v5OB1w1eCG\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/feedar.co\/fa\/1959\/%d8%ae%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b5%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%db%8c%da%a9%db%8c\/\">\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" src=\"https:\/\/feedar.co\/fa\/1959\/%d8%ae%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b5%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%87-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%db%8c%da%a9%db%8c\/embed\/#?secret=v5OB1w1eCG\" data-secret=\"v5OB1w1eCG\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc&#8221; &#8212; \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;948&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 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